A.2 PICO Components and Evidence-Based Practice Question Evidence Practice Question: Among older adults in acute care settings, do multiple intervention programs compared to single interventions effective in preventing falls.

Evidenced-Based Practice and Applied Nursing Research

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Impact of the Clinical Practice on the Patients and the Organizations

Falls remain a considerable public health challenge despite being recognized globally. The rate of falls ranges from 3 to 11 falls per 1000bed days, with approximately 25% of hospital falls resulting in injuries, fear of falling, and soft-tissue injuries (Heng et al., 2020). de Jong et al.(2020) also state that about 23% to 42% of fall cases cause physical harm like head injuries and hip fractures, increasing healthcare costs. The most at-risk population is hospitalized older adults because of co-morbidities, ill health, medications, pain, anesthetics, muscle weakness, and polypharmacy (Ximenes et al., 2022).  For instance, unsupervised patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment or dementia risk falling because of their limited ability to decide about their mobility requirements. However, multiple interventions like patient education, medication management, clinical education, environmental modification, multi-disciplinary reviews, hospital systems and policies, and assistive devices help prevent falls in healthcare settings. 

A.2 PICO Components and Evidence-Based Practice Question

Evidence Practice Question: Among older adults in acute care settings, do multiple intervention programs compared to single interventions effective in preventing falls.

•   Patient/population/problem (P): Older adults in acute care settings
•   Intervention (I): Multiple fall prevention Interventions 
•   Comparison (C):  Single intervention
•   Outcome (O): Falls prevention